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RESEARCH
INTERESTS
My research program is focused on two areas:
1. The developmental genetic basis for phenotypic variation.
Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years towards understanding
fundamental developmental mechanisms, we know very little about
the genetic or developmental causes of phenotypic variation within
species or among related species. This is a central area for evolutionary
biology as phenotypic variation is the raw material on which evolution
acts. It is also an area that has important implications for understanding
etiologically complex malformations such as cleft lip and palate.
Such malformations occur at the extremes of multifactorial phenotypic
distributions and must be understood within the same theoretical
framework as other aspects of variation.
2. The developmental-genetic basis for variation in canalization,
morphological integration, and developmental stability.
How developmental systems modulate the translation of genetic into
phenotypic variation is a fundamental question in current evolutionary
developmental biology. It is clear that most genetic variation is
cryptic, as evidence by the ubiquity of recessivity. It is also
clear that the expression of genetic variation is dependent on genetic
background and that pleiotropy is the norm. At the phenotypic level,
the complexities of the genetic to phenotypic translation can be
grouped into three phenomena. Canalization and developmental stability
(DS) refer to the tendency of developmental processes to follow
particular trajectories despite external or internal perturbation.
Canalization is the tendency for development of a specific genotype
to follow the same trajectory under different conditions (different
environment or different genetic backgrounds) while DS is the tendency
for development of a specific genotype to follow the same trajectory
under the same conditions. Morphological integration refers to the
tendency for structures to show correlated variation because they
are affected by shared developmental processes. All three phenomena
are emergent properties of developmental systems that complicate
the translation of genetic to phenotypic variation.
SIGNIFICANT
RESEARCH and/or PUBLICATIONS
i. Peer Reviewed Manuscripts: *indicates
advisee, +indicates post-doctoral fellow
1. Hallgrímsson, B. (1993) Fluctuating Asymmetry in Macaca
fascicularis: A study of the etiology of developmental noise. International
Journal of Primatology 14(3): 421-443.
2. Hallgrímsson, B. and S.M. Swartz. (1995). Biomechanical
adaptation in the cross-sectional morphology of hylobatid ulnae.
Journal of Morphology: 224: 111-123.
3. Musiba, C., R.H. Tuttle, B. Hallgrímsson, and D.M. Webb.
(1997) Swift and Sure-footed on the Savanna: A Study of Hadzabe
Gaits and Feet in Northern Tanzania. American Journal of Human Biology
vol. 9: 303-321.
4. Hallgrímsson,
B. (1998) Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Mammalian Skeleton: Evolutionary
and Ontogenetic Implications. Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 30: 187-251.
5. Blom, D.E., B. Hallgrímsson, B., L. Keng, M.C. Lozada,
J.E. Buikstra. (1998). Tiwanaku 'colonization': bioarchaeological
implications for migration in the Moquegua Valley, Peru. World Archaeology,
30(2):238-261.
6. Hallgrímsson, B. (1999). Ontogenetic Patterning of Skeletal
Fluctuating Asymmetry in Rhesus Macaques and Humans: Evolutionary
and Developmental Implications International Journal of Primatology,
20(1): 121-151.
7. Hallgrímsson, B. and V. Maiorana. (2000) Variability and
Size in Mammals and Birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.
70(4): 571-595.
8. Hallgrímsson, B., K. Wilmore*, and B.K.H. Hall. (2002).
Canalization, Developmental Stability, and Morphological Integration
in Primate Limbs American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Yearbook)
S 45: 131-158.
9. Hallgrímsson, B. T. Miyake, K. Wilmore*, and B.K.H. Hall.
(2003). The Embryological Origins of Developmental Stability: Size,
Shape and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Prenatal Random Bred Mice. Journal
of Experimental Zoology (MDE), 296B:40-57.
10. Doschak, M.R., D.M.L. Cooper*, C.N. Huculak, J.R. Matyas, D.A.
Hart, B. Hallgrímsson, R.F. Zernicke, and R.C. Bray (2003)
Angiogenesis in the Distal Femoral Chondroepiphysis Of the Rabbit
During Development Of The Secondary Centre Of Ossification. Journal
of Anatomy 203:223-233.
11. Ford-Hutchinson, A., D.M.L. Cooper*, B. Hallgrímsson,
and F. R. Jirik. (2003). Imaging skeletal pathology in mutant mice
by microcomputed tomography. Journal of Rheumatology. Vol. 30: 2659-2665.
12. Cooper*, D.M.L., A.L. Turinsky, C.W. Sensen, and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2003). Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Canal Network in Cortical
Bone by Micro-Computed Tomography. Anatomical Record. 274B:169-179.
13. Hallgrímsson, B., Ó Donnabhain, J.F., Guðmundsson,
B.*, Guðbjartsson, D,F., Stefánsson, K.. (2004). The
Composition of the Founding Population of Iceland: Biological Distance
and Morphological Variation in Early Historic Atlantic Europe. American
Journal of Physical Anthropology. 124: 257-274.
14. Dunbar, D.C., G.L. Badam, B. Hallgrímsson and S. Vieilledent.
(2004). Stabilization and Mobility of the Head and Trunk in Wild
Monkeys during Terrestrial and Flat-Surface Walks and Gallops. Journal
of Experimental Biology, 207(6):1027-1042.
15. Cooper*, D.M.L., J.R. Matyas, M.A. Katzenberg, and B. Hallgrímsson,
(2004). Morphometric Analysis of Cortical Bone Porosity: Comparison
of Micro-Computed Tomography and Microradiography. Calcified Tissue
International 74(5): 437-447.
16. Hallgrímsson, B. K. Willmore, C. Dorval* and D.M.L. Cooper*.
(2004). Craniofacial Variability and Modularity in Macaques and
Mice. Journal of Experimental Zoology (MDE) 302B: 207-225
17. Lozanoff, S., S. Doll, B. Hallgrímsson, and E. Neufeld.
(2004). Prenatal growth of the interorbital septum in Macaca mulatta.
Annals of Anatomy, 186(5-6): 435-442.
18. Hallgrímsson, B. C.J. Dorval*, M.L. Zelditch, and R.Z.
German, (2004). Craniofacial Variability and Morphological Integration
in Mice Susceptible to Cleft Lip and Palate. Journal of Anatomy,
205(6): 501-517.
19. Ford-Hutchinson, A.F., Z. Ali, R.A. Seerattan, D.M.L. Cooper*,
B. Hallgrímsson, P.T. Salo, F.R Jirik, (2005) Premature degenerative
joint disease of the knee in mice lacking phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate
synthase 2 activity (Papss2): a model of human PAPSS2 deficiency?
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage13(5): 418-25.
20. Hallgrímsson, B., Ó Donnabhain, D.E. Blom, M.C.
Lozada J.F., and K. Willmore*. (2005). Why Are Rare Traits Unilaterally
Expressed? Trait Frequency and Unilateral Expression for Cranial
Non-Metric Traits in Humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
128 (1): 14-25.
21. Willmore*, K.E., C.P. Klingenberg, and B. Hallgrímsson
(2005). Congruence Of Fluctuating Asymmetry and Environmental Variance
In Rhesus Macaque Skulls. Evolution. 59(4): 898-909.
22. Doschak, M.R.,J. M. LaMothe Pnh.D., D.M.L. Cooper*, B. Hallgrimsson,
D. A. Hanley, R. C. Bray, and R. F. Zernicke. (2005). Bisphosphonates
reduce bone mineral loss at ligament entheses after joint injury.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 13(9): 790-797.
23. Young, N.M.+ and B. Hallgrímsson. (2005). Serial Homology
and the Evolution of Mammalian Limb Covariation Structure. Evolution
59(12): 2691–2704.
24. Rot-Nikcevic, I., T. Reddy, K.J. Downing, A. C. Belliveau, B.
Hallgrímsson, B. K. Hall, B. Kablar (2006). Myf5-/-:MyoD-/-
amyogenic fetuses reveal importance of early contraction and static
loading by striated muscle in mouse skeletogenesis. Development
, Genes, and Evolution. 216:1-9.
25. Hallgrímsson, B., J.J.Y. Brown*, A. Ford-Hutchinson,
D.Sheets, M. L. Zelditch, and F.R. Jirik. (2006). The Brachymorph
Mouse and the Developmental-Genetic Basis for Canalization and Morphological
Integration. Evolution and Development. 8(1):61-73.
26. Pontzer, H, D. Lieberman, E. Momin, M. Devlin, J. Polk, B. Hallgrímsson,
D. Cooper* (2006). Trabecular bone responds with high sensitivity
to load orientation in the knee. Journal of Experimental Biology,
209: 57-65.
27. Willmore, K.E.*, Zelditch, M.I., Lozanoff, S., Young, N.M.+,
Ah-Seng, A.* and B. Hallgrímsson. (2006). Canalization, Developmental
Stability and Integration in the Brachyrrhine Mouse. Journal of
Anatomy. 208: 361-372.
28. Cooper D. M., C.D. Thomas, J.G. Clement, and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2006) Three-dimensional microcomputed tomography imaging of basic
multicellular unit-related resorption spaces in human cortical bone.
Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 288:806-16.
29. Willmore, K.E.*, L. Leamy, and B. Hallgrímsson, (2006).
The Effects of Developmental and Functional Interactions on Mouse
Cranial Variability through Late Ontogeny. Evolution and Development.
8(6): 550-567.
30. Bellido, G.G., M.G. Scanlon, J.H. Page, and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2006). The bubble size distribution in wheat flour dough. Food
Research International 39(10): 1058-1066 (senior author is M.G.
Scanlon, not BH).
31. Cooper D.M.L.,* A. L. Turinsky, C.W. Sensen, and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2007). Effect of Voxel Size on 3D Micro-CT Analysis of Cortical
Bone Porosity. Calcified Tissue International. 80(3): 211-219 DOI:
10.1007/s00223-005-0274-6.
32. Hallgrímsson, B., D.E. Lieberman, W. Liu, A.F. Hutchinson,
and F.R. Jirik, (2007). Epigenetic Interactions and the Structure
of Phenotypic Variation in the Cranium. Evolution and Development.
9(1):76-91 (BH and DEL contributed equally).
33. Young, N.M.+,Wat S.*, Diewert, V.M., Browder, L.W., and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2007). Comparative Morphometrics of Facial Morphogenesis: Implications
for the Aetiology of Cleft Lip. Anatomical Record. 290:123-139.
34. Cooper, D.M.L.*, A. L. Turinsky, C.W. Sensen, C.D.L. Thomas,
J.G. Clement, and B. Hallgrímsson. (2007), Age-Dependent
Change In The 3d Structure Of Cortical Porosity At The Human Femoral
Midshaft. Bone 40(4): 957-65.
35. Hendrikse, Jesse Love, T.E. Parsons*, and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2007). Evolvability as the Proper Focus of Evolutionary Developmental
Biology. Evolution and Development. 9(4): 408-416.
36. Boughner J.C.+, Buchtova M., Fu K., Diewert V., Hallgrímsson
B., and Richman J.M. (2007). Embryonic development of Python sebae
- I: Staging criteria and macroscopic skeletal morphogenesis of
the head and limbs. Zoology (Jena) 110(3): 212-230.
37. Ford-Hutchinson, A.F., Z*. Ali, Z., S.E. Lines, B. Hallgrímsson,
S.K. Boyd, F.R. Jirik. (2007). Inactivation of Pten in osteo-chondroprogenitor
cells leads to epiphyseal growth plate abnormalities and skeletal
overgrowth. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 22(8): 1245-59.
38. +Boughner, J.C. and B. Hallgrímsson (2008). Biological
spacetime and the temporal integration of functional modules: a
case study of dento-gnathic developmental timing. Developmental
Dynamics. 237(1):1:17.
39. Turinsky, A.L., E. Fanea, Q. Trinh, S. Wat*, B. Hallgrímsson,
X. Dong, X. Shu, J. N. Stromer, J. W. Hill, C. Edwards, B. Grosenick,
M. Yajima, C.W. Sensen (2008). CaveMan: Standardized Anatomical
Context for Biomedical Data Mapping. Anatomical Sciences Education
1(1): 10-18.
40. Parsons, T.E.*, Hornung, L., Kristensen, E., Diewert, V., Boyd,
S.,K., and Hallgrímsson, B. (2008). Phenotypic Variability
and Craniofacial Dysmorphology: Increased Shape Variance in a Mouse
model for Cleft Lip Journal of Anatomy 212(2): 135-143.
41. Lazenby, R.A, *D.M.L. Cooper, S. Angus, and B. Hallgrímsson
(2008) Articular Constraint, Handedness and Directional Asymmetry
in the Human Second Metacarpal. Journal of Human Evolution 55: 875-885.
42. Turinsky AL, Fanea E, Trinh Q, DongX, Stromer JN, Shu X, Wat
S, Hallgrímsson B, Hill JW, Edwards C, Grosenick B, Yajima
M, Sensen CW (2008) Integration of Genomic and Medical Data into
a 3D Atlas of Human Anatomy. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics,
132:526-531.
43. Kristensen, E., T. E. Parsons, J. Gire, B. Hallgrimsson, Steven
K. Boyd. (2008).A novel high-throughput morphological phenotypic
method of analysis. IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering
55(12):2826-2831.
44. Lieberman, D.E. , B. Hallgrimsson, W. Liu, *T.E. Parsons, and
+ H.A. Jamnizcky. (2008) Spatial Packing, Cranial Base Angulation
and Craniofacial Shape Variation in the Mammalian Skull: testing
a new model using mice. Journal of Anatomy 212: 720-735 (BH and
DEL contributed equally).
45. Hallgrímsson,
B. and D.E. Lieberman. (2008). Mouse Models and the Evolutionary
Developmental Biology of the Skull. Integrative and Comparative
Biology. 48(3): 373-384 doi:10.1093/icb/icn076.
46. Lazenby, R.A., *D.M.L. Cooper, S. Angus, and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2008). A 3D Micro-CT Study of Site Specific Variation in Trabecular
Microarchitecture in the Human Second Metacarpal. Journal of Anatomy
213: 698-705.
47. +Boughner, J.C., *S.W. Wat, V.M. Diewert, +N.M. Young, L.W.
Browder, and B. Hallgrimsson. (2008). Short faced mice and developmental
interactions between the Brain and the face. Journal of Anatomy
213: 646-662.
48. +Young, N.M., B. Hallgrímsson and T. Garland, Jr.,. (2009).
Epigenetic effects on integration of limb lengths in a mouse model
selected for activity level. Evolutionary Biology. 36(1): 88-99.
49. McDougall, J.J., B. Andruski, N. Schuelert, B. Hallgrímsson,
and J. R. Matyas (2009). Unravelling the Relationship Between Age,
Pain Sensation and Joint Destruction in Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis
of the Guinea Pig. Pain 121(3):221-232 *Selected for Faculty of
1000.
50. Rock, M. Buntain, B. Hatfield, J. and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2009). Animal-Human Connections, "One Health," and the
Concept of Syndemics. Social Science and Medicine 68(6): 991-995.
51. Xiao M, Soh J, Meruvia-Pastor O, Osborn D, Lam N, B. Hallgrímsson,
and Sensen CW. 2009. An efficient virtual dissection tool to create
generic models for anatomical atlases. Stud Health Technol Inform
142:426-428.
52. Meruvia-Pastor O, Soh J, Xiao M, *Schmidt E, Logan C, +Boughner
JC, *Jones N, Osborn D, Santiago J, *Gittleman J, B. Hallgrímsson,
and Sensen CW 2009. Fast interactive integration of cross-sectional
image datasets and surface data for morphometric analysis. Stud
Health Technol Inform 142:183-188.
53. +Jamniczky, H.A., and B. Hallgrímsson. (2009). A comparison
of covariance structure in wild and laboratory muroid crania. Evolution
63:1540-1556.
54. Bondareva, A., C. Downey, F. Ayres, +W. Liu, S. K. Boyd, B.
Hallgrímsson, F. R. Jirik (2009). The lysyl oxidase inhibitor,
ß-aminopropionitrile, diminishes metastatic colonization potential
of circulating breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 4(5): e5620.
55. Kawauchi, S. Calof, A.C., R. Santos, M.E. Lopez-Burks, C.M.
Young, M.P. Hoang, A. Chua, T. Lao, M.S. Lechner, J.A., D.A. Nussenzweig,
L. Kitzes, K. Yokomori, B. Hallgrímsson, A.D. Lander (2009).
Multiple Organ System Defects and Transcriptional Dysregulation
in the Nipbl +/2 Mouse, a Model of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. PLoS
Genetics 5(9): e1000650.
56. Downey C.M., Horton C.R., Carlson B.A., *Parsons T.E., Hatfield
D.L., Hallgrímsson B, and Jirik F.R. (2009). Osteo-chondroprogenitor-specific
deletion of the selenocysteine tRNA gene, Trsp, leads to chondronecrosis
and abnormal skeletal development: a putative model for Kashin-Beck
disease. PLoS Genet 5(8):e1000616.
57. Hallgrímsson B, Jamniczky, H, Young, N.M., Rolian, C.
Parsons, T.E., Boughner, J.C. and Marcucio, R.S. (2009) Deciphering
the Palimpsest: Studying the Relationship Between Morphological
Integration and Phenotypic Covariation. Evolutonary Biology 36(4):
355-376.
58. Rolian, C., D.E. Lieberman, and B. Hallgrímsson. (2010).
The Co-Evolution of Human Hands and Feet. Evolution 64(6):1558-1568.
*Selected for Faculty of 1000.
59. + Young NM, Wagner GP, and Hallgrimsson B. 2010. Development
and the evolvability of human limbs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(8):3400-3405.
60. Xiao, M. Soh, J. Meruvia-Pastor, O., *E.J. Schmidt, B. Hallgrímsson,
C.W. Sensen. (2010). Building Generic Anatomical Models Using virtual
Model Cutting and Iterative Registration. BMC Medical Imaging. doi/10.1186/1471-2342-10-5.
61. *Schmidt, E.J., *T.E. Parsons, +H.A. Jamnizcky, *J. Gitelman,
+J.C. Boughner, C.C. Logan, and B. Hallgrímsson. (2010).
Quantitative Assessment of 3D Morphology for Developmental Biology
using Computed Microtomography. BMC Developmental Biology. 10(1)
doi 10.1186/1471-213X-10-18.
62. +Jamniczky HA, +Boughner JC, +Rolian C, +Gonzalez PN, *Powell
CD, *Schmidt EJ, *Parsons TE, Bookstein FL, and Hallgrímsson
B. (2010). Rediscovering Waddington in the post-genomic age: operationalising
Waddington's epigenetics reveals new ways to investigate the generation
and modulation of phenotypic variation. Bioessays 32(7):553-558.
63. Kristensen, E., B. Hallgrímsson, D.W.. Morck, S.K. Boyd.
(2010). Timing of growth hormone treatment affects trabecular bone
microarchitecture and mineralization in growth hormone deficient
mice. Bone 47: 295-300. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.587.
64. Young, N.M., H. Chong, D. Hu, B. Hallgrímsson R.M. Marcucio.
(2010). Integrated quantitative analyses link modulation of Sonic
hedgehog (SHH) cell signaling to continuous phenotypic variation
in the face. Development. 137: 3405-3409. *Selected for Faculty
of 1000.
65. +Gonzales, P.N., B. Hallgrímsson, and E.E. Oyhenart (2011).
Developmental Plasticity in Covariance Structure of the Skull: Effects
of Prenatal Stress. Journal of Anatomy. 218(2): 243-257.
66. +Jamniczky, H. A and, B. Hallgrímsson (2011). Modularity
in the skull and cranial vasculature of laboratory mice: implications
for the evolution of complex phenotypes. Evolution and Development
13(1): 28-37.
67. Marcucio, R.S., N.M. Young, D. Hu, and B. Hallgrímsson.
(2011). Mechanisms Underlying Co-Variation of the Brain and Face.
Genesis
68. *Manyama, M.F, C. Rolian, J. Gilyoma3, C. C. Magori1, K. Mjema1,
E. Mazyala1, E. Kimwaga and B. Hallgrímsson. (2011). The
Pattern of Orofacial Clefts at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza,
Tanzania. BMC Oral Health 11:5.
69. Liaow, L.H., C. Simpson, F. Bouchard, J. Damuth, B. Hallgrímsson,
D. McShea, J.R. Powell, N.C.Stenseth, and G. Wagner. (2011). Pioneering
Paradigms and Magnificent Manifestos - Leigh Van Valen’s priceless
contributions to the evolutionary half of biology. American Naturalist.
70. Hochheiser H, Aronow BJ, Artinger K, Beaty TH, Brinkley JF,
Chai Y, Clouthier D, Cunningham ML, Dixon M, Donahue LR, Fraser
SE, Hallgrímsson B, Iwata J, Klein O, Marazita ML, Murray
JC, Murray S, de Villena FP, Postlethwait J, Potter S, Shapiro L,
Spritz R, Visel A, Weinberg SM, Trainor PA. 2011. The FaceBase Consortium:
A comprehensive program to facilitate craniofacial research. Developmental
Biology.
71. Yang, Y., B. Hallgrímsson, and E. Putnins. (In Press).
Craniofacial Defect Regeneration Using Engineered Bone Marrow Mesenchymal
Stromal Cells. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part A.
72. Meruvia-Pastor, O.E., J. Soh, *E.J. Schmidt, +J.C. Boughner,
M. Xiao1, H.A. Jamniczky, B. Hallgrímsson, C.W. Sensen. (2011).
Estimating Cell Distribution in Histological Samples Based on Incremental
Search and Color Filtering. International Journal of Biomedical
Imaging doi:10.1155/2011/874702.
ii. Book Chapters, Conference Proceedings and Editorials
1. Tuttle, R.H., B. Hallgrímsson, and J.V. Basmajian. (1994).
Electromyography and elastic mechanisms in knuckle-walking Pan gorilla
and Pan troglodytes. Current Primatology, Vol. 1: Ecology and Evolution.
B. Thierry, J.R. Anderson, J.J. Roeder, and N. Herrenschmidt (eds.),
Universite Louis Pasteur: Strasbourg, pp. 215-222
2. Tuttle, R.H., B. Hallgrímsson, and T.A. Stein. (1998).
Heel, Squat, Stand, Stride: Function and Evolution of Hominoid Feet.
In: E. Strasser , J. Fleagle, A. Rosenburger, and H. McHenry eds.,
Primate Locomotion. Plenum Publishing Corp: New York, NY:, pp. 435-438
3. Tuttle, R.H., B. Hallgrímsson, and J.V. Basmajian, (1999).
Electromyography, Elastic Energy and Knuckle-walking: a Lesson in
Experimental Anthropology. In D. Lindburg and S.C. Strum (eds.),
The New Physical Anthropology, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice
Hall.
4. Ó Donnabhain, J.F. and Hallgrímsson, B. (2001).
Dublin: the biological identity of the Hiberno-Norse town. Norse
Dublin. Volume 2001
5. Hallgrímsson, B. (2002). Phenotypic Stability. Oxford
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, M.D. Pagel ed., Oxford University
Press: New York, N.Y., pp. 886-891
6. Hallgrímsson, B., H. Benediktsson, and P.D. Vize. (2003).
The anatomy and histology of the human urogenital system. In Peter
D. Vize, ed., The Kidney: From normal development to congenital
disease. New York: Academic Press, pp. 149-164
7. Hallgrímsson, B. (2003). Variation. Keywords and Concepts
in Evolutionary Developmental Biology. B.K.H. Hall and W. Olson,
eds., Harvard University Press: Cambridge, M.A., pp. 368-377.
8. Lozada, M.C., D.E. Blom, B., Hallgrímsson, and J.E. Buikstra.
(2004). Las Relaciones Biológicas y Culturales entre Tiwanaku
y Chiribaya en la Cuenca del Osmore, Extremo Sur del Perú.
In Tiwanaku and its Successors, edited by Mario A. Rivera and Alan
L. Kolata. Universidad
Bolivariana, Editorial LOM, Santiago, Chile., pp. 179-190
9. Blom, D. E., M. C. Lozada C., and B. Hallgrímsson (2004)
“Diversidad Interna en Tiwanaku y Chiribaya: Estructuras Sociopolíticas
Serranas y Costeras.” In Tiwanaku and its Successors, edited
by Mario A. Rivera and Alan L. Kolata. Universidad Bolivariana,
Editorial LOM, Santiago, Chile., pp. 165-177
10. Willmore, K.T*. and Hallgrímsson, B. (2005). Within Individual
Variation: Developmental an Hallgrímsson and B.K. Hall eds.
New York: Academic Press., pp 191-218
11. Hallgrímsson, B. and B.K. Hall. (2005). Variation and
Variability: Central Concepts in Biology. In : Variation: A Central
Concept in Biology B. Hallgrímsson and B.K. Hall eds. New
York: Academic Press. pp 1-7
12. Hallgrímsson, B. Brown, J.J.Y.* and B.K.Hall. (2005).
The Study of Phenotypic Variability: An emerging research agenda
for understanding the developmental-genetic architecture underlying
phenotypic variation. In : Variation: A Central Concept in Biology
B. Hallgrímsson and B.K. Hall eds. New York: Academic Press.
pp. 525-551
13. Hallgrímsson, B., D.E. Lieberman, N.M. Young+, T.E. Parsons*
and S.Wat*. (2007) Evolution of Covariance in the Mammalian Skull.
Novartis Found Symp 284 (Tinkering - The Microevolution of Development):
164-190; discussion
14. Musiba,C. C. Magori, M. Stoller, T. Stein, S. Branting, M. Vogt,
R. Tuttle, B. Hallgímsson, S. Killindo, F. Mizambwa, F. Ndunguru,
and A. Mabulla (2007). Taphonomy and paleoecological context of
the Upper Laetolil Beds (Localities 8 and 9), Laetoli in northern
Tanzania. In Bobe, R., Alemseged, Z., Behrensmeyer, A.K. (Eds):
Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment
of the Faunal Evidence. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology
Series, Volume 1. Springer, Dordrecht.
15. Hallgrímsson, B., M.L. Zelditch, T.E. Parsons, E. Kristensen,
N.M. Young and S. K. Boyd. (2007) Morphometrics and Biological Anthropology
in the Post-Genomic Age. In: M.A. Katzenberg and S.R. Saunders,
eds. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton. New York: John
Wiley & Sons.
16. Hallgrímsson, B. (2007) Editorial: The Vision and Revision
of Evolutionary Biology. Evolutionary Biology 34(1-2):1-3
17. Hallgrímsson, B. (2008). The False Dichotomy of Evolution
versus Intelligent Design. Evolutionary Biology 35(1):
18. Hallgrímsson, B. , J. C. Boughner., A.Turinsky, C. Logan,
and C.W. Sensen. (2009). Geometric Morphometrics and the Study of
Development. In C. W. Sensen and B. Hallgrimsson, eds. Advanced
Imaging in Biology and Medicine: Technology, Software Environments,
Applications. Springer Verlag, pp. 319-336
19. Hallgrímsson, B. , (2009). Anatomical Imaging and Post-Genomic
Biology. In C. W. Sensen and B. Hallgrimsson, eds. Advanced Imaging
in Biology and Medicine: Technology, Software Environments, Applications.
Springer Verlag, pp.
20. Hallgrímsson, B. (2009) Editorial: The State of Evolutionary
Biology (The Journal). Evolutionary Biology 36(4):
21. Turnquist, J.E., A.M. Cerroni, K.J. Faccia, S.K. Boyd and B.
Hallgrimsson. (2010) Fragile Spines on Cayo Santiago: bone mineral
density, trabecular morphology and the potential for exploring the
genetics of osteoporosis in rhesus monkeys. In Q. Wang, ed., CPRC
Symposium.
22. Hallgrímsson, B. and B.K. Hall. (2011). Introduction.
In: Epigenetics: Linking Genotype and Phenotype in Development and
Evolution. B. Hallgrímsson and B.K. Hall eds. Berkeley, California.
University of California Press.
23. Hallgrímsson, B. and B.K. Hall. (2011). Epigenetics:
The Context of Development. In: Epigenetics: Linking Genotype and
Phenotype in Development and Evolution. B. Hallgrímsson and
B.K. Hall eds. Berkeley, California. University of California Press.
pp. 421-435
iii. Edited Volumes
2005. Variation: A Central Concept in Biology B. Hallgrímsson
and B.K. Hall eds. New York: Academic Press (Elsevier).
1. Advanced Imaging in Biology and Medicine: Technology, Software
Environments, Applications. In C. W. Sensen and B. Hallgrimsson,
eds Springer Verlag, 2011. Epigenetics: Linking Genotype and Phenotype
in Development and Evolution. B. Hallgrímsson and B.K. Hall
eds. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
iv.
Books
2008. Strickberger’s Evolution. B.K. Hall and B. Hallgrímsson.
Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
PubMed
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